Features of Gait Festination for Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Three-Dimensional Gait Analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of gait festination in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods:From January, 2016 to January, 2018, 20 Parkinson's disease patients with festination (festination group), other 20 Parkinson's disease patients without festination (non-festination group) (all in ON stage) and 20 healthy controls were tested BTS Motion Capture System and analyzed with SmartAnalyzer. Results:The stride time, swing time of left side and maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle of left side decreased in the festination group compared with those in the non-festination group, while the first peak of ankle appeared earlier (P < 0.05). The stance phase increased in the festination group compared with those in the controls (P < 0.05), while the swing phase, stride length, step length and velocity decreased, as well as the maximum ankle plantar flexion (P < 0.05), and the first peak of ankle appeared earlier (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Festination is characterized as less step length, faster step cadence and slower velocity. The first peak of ankle appeared earlier for the center of mass moving foreward. The maximum plantar flexion angle of the ankle reduces for the poor balance function.

Establishment and validation of classifiers to predict genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish classifiers to predict genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens using toxicogenomics methods, explore the effect of exposure time and validated the prediction performance of the classifiers. METHODS: The primary mouse hepatocyte model was treated for 24 and 48 h with two genotoxic carcinogens, aflatoxin Bl (AFB1), benzo(a) pyrene (BAP) and two non-genotoxic carcinogens, thioacetamide (TAA), wyeth-14643 (WY). The differentially expressed genes were input to prediction analysis for microarray (PAM) software to screen out classifiers. The functions and interrelations of genes in classifiers were studied by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the protein-protein interactions were predicted using STRING database. Two additional carcinogens to validate the prediction performance of the classifiers were used. Finally, the experiment of QuantiGene Multiplex assay (Q-GP) to validate the microarray data was used. RESULTS: Forty-eight h classifiers had a better predicted capability than that of 24 h classifiers. p53 pathway, TNF-α signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway involved in the classifires were enriched by GSEA. Carcinogenic protein-protein interaction network and metabolism-related protein-protein interaction network are obtained using STRING database. The predicted probability of the two additional carcinogens using 48 h classifiers was nearly 100% and data between QuantiGene Multiplex assay and microarray assay had a high conformity. CONCLUSION: The classifiers which could be used to discriminate the potential genotoxic carcinogens and non-genotoxic carcinogens and to predict modes of action for unknown compounds, are successfully established and validated. This might be a promising candidate in vitro method for carcinogenicity study in the field of nonclinical safety evaluation of drugs.

Suprapubis-assisted umbilical laparoendoscopic mini-dual-site surgery for varicocele: a report of 80 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the safety, effectiveness and feasibility of suprapubis-assisted umbilical laparoendoscopic mini-dual-site surgery (SAU-LEMDS) in the treatment of varicocele.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 80 varicocele patients aged 24 - 44 (mean 28.5 +/- 2.6) years, 25 cases of grade I, 45 cases of grade II and 10 cases of grade III, 58 cases in the left side, 6 in the right and 16 in both sides, and all with asthenospermia. The patients were treated by SAU-LEMDS under subarachnoid anesthesia combined with general anesthesia in a supine position with a head-down-feet-up slope of 15 degrees. Two 5 mm trocars were inserted bilaterally at the umbilical edge, one with a 5 mm 30 degrees laparoscope placed in it, and another into the abdominal cavity below the pubic hairline with a 5 mm laparoendoscopic clipper placed in it. The operation procedure was similar to that of standard laparoscopic ligation of spermatic veins, with reservation of the spermatic artery and double-ligation of spermatic veins. And the procedure was repeated for the contralateral lesion in the bilateral cases. Postoperative follow-up was conducted for the incidences of orchiatrophy and testicular hydrocele and changes of seminal parameters.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were successful, with the mean operation time of (10 +/- 5.0) min (range 8 to 25 min) for the unilateral cases and (18 +/- 6.5) min (range 15 to 30 min) for the bilateral cases, the mean blood loss of (1.5 +/- 0.5) ml (range 1 to 2 ml), and the mean postoperative hospital stay of (2 +/- 0.5) d (range 1.5 to 3 d). The patients were followed up for 6 -24 (12 +/- 2.5) months, which showed significant improvement in sperm motility as compared with the baseline ([28.53 +/- 5.21] vs [19.62 +/- 3.56]%, P < 0.05), with 28 cases (35.0%) restored to normal. Recurrence was found in 4 cases (5.0%). Testicular hydrocele occurred in 7 cases (8.75%), but orchiatrophy in none. The scars in the umbilicus and suprapubis were invisible because of the wrinkles and pubic hair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SAU-LEMDS is safe, effective and feasible for the treatment of varicocele. It is superior to umbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (U-LESS) for its less invasiveness, simpler operation, and better cosmetic appearance.</p>

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue and its significance / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of VEGF-C mRNA in tumor tissues and non-cancer tissues from 39 ESCC patients in our hospital from March 2009 to February 2010 was detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) method. The expression of D2-40 was detected by immunohistochemistry,and microlymphatic vessel density (MLVD) was determined by lymphatic endothelial specific marker D2-40. The associations of VEGF-C mRNA expression with clinical data and MLVD were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive ISH VEGF-D mRNA was observed in tumor tissue samples of 22 cases (56.4%, 22/39) and non-cancer tissue sample of 1 case (2.6%, 1/39), whose difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of VEGF-D mRNA in ESCC was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis [92.9% (13/14) vs. 36.0% (9/25), P<0.05] and MLVD [(8.20±1.22) vs. (5.31±0.97), P<0.01], but not significantly associated with age, sex, pathological grade and depth of infiltration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VEGF-D can promote lymphatic metastasis of ESSC by induction of lymphangiogenesis.</p>

Clinical experience of finger reconstruction in child with second toe transplantation / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of finger reconstruction in child with second toe transplantation,and evaluate the postoperative appearance and function regarding the reconstructed donor feet.Methods From June 2002 to May 2011,sixteen cases were reconstructed in sub-emergency with second toe transplantation.Two thumbs,eight index fingers,and 6 middle fingers were reconstructed.All patients were followed-up from 12 to 24 months.The functions of reconstructed fingers were analysed.Results All the reconstructed fingers survived.Vascular crisis occurred in 1 patient,and survived after re-anastomosis.Necrosis of skin grafts at the domon site with exposed tedons was seen in 1 ease,and healed after changing dressings.All the reconstructed fingers showed good in growth and development,and performed good functions as grabbing,grasping and nipping.Two-point discrimination was between 6 mm and 10 mm.The donor site of the foot had normal gait,without obvious influence on walking.Also,no pain was complained.Conclusion The method of transplanting the second toe can reconstruct the appearance and function of the finger defects in child,and has little effect on the appearance and motion of feet.It is an effective treatment method.

Prognosis of the short-term efficacy of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis with serum protein profiles / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (MG) is currently available, but in 20% - 40% of the patients the results were not satisfactory. There are no ideal indicators forecasting surgical results before operation. The surface enhanced laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectroscopy (SELDI-TOF-MS) is a currently new technique for detection of protein profiles, and some progresses have been made in cancer diagnosis and efficacy evaluation, but there is no report on efficacy forecasting of MG surgery. This study aimed to establish an efficacy prognosis model for forecasting the efficacy of surgery for MG by analysis of serum protein profiles of MG patients before surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-six MG patients 6 months after extended thymectomy were enrolled in the study. They were classified into effective or non-effective groups according to symptoms and medication. Their pre-operative blood samples were analyzed for protein profiles by the SELDI-TOF MS technique, and protein peaks were identified for establishment of the efficacy prognosis model of MG surgery. Additional 100 MG patients were subjected to model validation and their pre-operation protein profiles reviewed for post-operative results. The results were compared with those of the post-operative follow-up so as to validate the prognosis model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the model establishment, symptoms were improved in 33 patients and not improved in 18 patients, with an effective rate of 64.7%. Five (8.9%) patients were lost to follow-up. Within the molecular weight range of 1 000 to 20 000, 3 specific protein peaks were found to be significantly different between the effective and non-effective groups, ie M4110-76, M3394-58, and M1258-55. Using the efficacy prognosis model constructed with these data, the accuracy rate of classification was 87.9% for the effective group, and 83.3% for the non-effective group, with a total accuracy rate of 86.3%. For the model evaluation, 2 (8.9%) patients were lost to follow-up, 62 patients were effective and 36 were non- effective. By comparing with the real results of follow-up with 65 effective and 33 non-effective patients with an effective rate of 66.3%, the accuracy rate of prediction by the prognosis model was 86.2% for the effective group, and was 81.8% for the non-effective group with a total accuracy rate of 84.5%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>By protein profiles analysis of pre-operative blood samples taken from MG patients with the SELDI-TOF MS technique, protein peaks correlated with surgery efficacy in MG patients can be found for primary forecasting short-term efficacy of surgery for MG patients.</p>

Effect of thoracic duct ligation during transthoracic esophagectomy on the prevention of post-operative chylothorax in different tumor locations / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of thoracic duct ligation during transthoracic esophagectomy on preventing post-operative chylothorax in different tumor locations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between March 2003 and June 2007, 243 patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma underwent esophageal resection in our hospital. All the cases were divided into five groups according to tumor localization, including cervical, upper middle, middle, lower middle and lower sections. Each was then subdivided into 2 groups: with and without intraoperative thoracic duct ligation. Statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the relevance between ligation and non-ligation of the thoracic duct during esophagectomy and the incidence of post-operative chylothorax.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 8 cases of post-operative chylothorax was recorded and the incidence was 3.3%. Incidence with respect to tumor location was as follows: cervical section: ligation subgroup 3 cases and non-ligation subgroup 5 cases; upper middle section: no one for both ligation and non-ligation subgroups; middle section: ligation subgroup 0/26 and non-ligation subgroup 1/28 (3.6%); lower middle section: ligation subgroup 1/39 (2.6%) and non-ligation subgroup 1/35 (2.9%); lower section: ligation subgroup 1/37 (2.7%) and non-ligation subgroup 2/44 (4.5%). Logistic regression analysis revealed no significant difference between ligation and non-ligation subgroup in the prevention of post-operative chylothorax (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Thoracic duct ligation as preventive measure can not decrease the incidence of chylothorax secondary to esophagectomy.</p>

The effect of CACNA1H gene G773D mutation on calcium channel function / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of CACNA1H gene mutation G773D on calcium channel function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By the overlap extension PCR we introduced G773D mutation into a human Cav3.2acDNA for constructing the mutant. And then using whole cell clamp technique, we studied the alterations of channel behavior in transfected HEK-293 cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no difference in kinetics of activation and inactivation of calcium channel between wild type and mutant. However comparing with the wild-type Cav3.2 channel, G773D mutant could increase the calcium current density significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CACNA1H gene G773D mutation is able to increase calcium current and neuronal excitability.</p>

T-type calcium channel gene-CACNA1H is a susceptibility gene to childhood absence epilepsy / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is one of the most frequently recognized syndromes among the idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs). It is considered to be a hereditary disease. The possible inheritance pattern of CAE is polygenic. The genes responsible for CAE, however, have not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to further investigate based on the authors' recent work whether or not T-type calcium channel gene-CACNA1H is a susceptibility gene to childhood absence epilepsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The authors conducted the mutation screening of the exons 6-12 and the nearby partial introns of the CACNA1H gene using the method of direct sequencing of PCR products in 48 newly found CAE patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The authors found 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). They also found 4 mutations which only existed in CAE patients. Both G773D and H515Y mutations were heterozygous. The mutation of H515Y has never been reported previously. The patient inherited the mutation from his mother. The authors found two CAE patients with the mutation of G773D previously. This is the third time that the authors found one more CAE family with this G773D mutation, and the patient with the mutation G773D inherited the mutation from his father.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>T-type calcium channel gene-CACNA1H might be a susceptibility gene to childhood absence epilepsy.</p>

Case-control study and transmission/disequilibrium tests of the genes encoding GABRA5 and GABRB3 in a Chinese population affected by childhood absence epilepsy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is one of the most frequently recognized syndromes among the idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs). CAE is considered to be a genetic disease, with a possible polygenic inheritance pattern. The genes responsible for CAE have not been identified yet. The object of this study was to investigate whether or not CAE is associated with the gene encoding the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type-A receptor subunits alpha5 (GABRA5) and beta3 (GABRB3) in a Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five microsatellite DNA repeats, 69CA, 85CA, 155CA1, 155CA2, and A55CA1, adjoining chromosome 15q11-q13, were used as genetic markers. Both case-control study and transmission/disequilibrium tests (TDTs), as well as fluorescence-based semi-automated genotyping techniques, were used in 90 CAE patient-mother-father trios and 100 normal controls of Han ethnicity to conduct association analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of allele 5 of 69CA, alleles 2 and 8 of 85CA, alleles 6 and 7 of 155CA1, allele 2 of 155CA2, and alleles 1 and 11 of A55CA1 were significantly higher in CAE patients than in normal controls. To prevent spurious associations arising from population admixture, we further conducted TDT tests in the 90 CAE trios. The results of TDT analysis further suggested that microsatellite DNA repeats 85CA, 155CA1, and 155CA2 were associated with CAE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GABA type-A receptor subunit genes GABRA5 and GABRB3 may be either directly involved in the etiology of CAE in the Chinese population or in linkage disequilibrium with disease-predisposing sites.</p>

The clinical analysis of the early outcome and crisis onset after surgical treatment on myastheaia gravis with thymoma / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To observe the early outcome and crisis onset after surgical treatment on myasthenia gravis with thymoma and analyze the relevant factors.Methods 436 patients with myasthenia gravis were treated surgically between January 1999 and Jan- uary 2005,58 patients with thymoma.The severity of MG disease was classified according to modified Osserman classification:type Ⅰ(n=17),type Ⅱ a(n=23),type Ⅱ b(n=12)and type Ⅲ(n=6).The distribution of thymomas by the Masaoka clinical stage showed 30 in stage Ⅰ,18 in stage Ⅱ,7 in stage Ⅲ and 3 in stage Ⅳ.The early outcome and crisis onset after surgical treat- ment were analyzed by statistical methods.Results After operation,symptoms improved in 16 eases(27.59%),no change in 18 eases(31.03%),deterioration in 11 cases(18.97%)and crisis onset or death in 13 cases.Logistic test showed that the possibility of crisis onset in patients with thymoma is 1.286 times higher than patients without thymoma.Patients with thymoma,type Ⅱ or above are in high risk group of crisis.The incidence rate of crsis in type Ⅱ group or above was significantly higher than type Ⅰ(P=0.048 0.05).Conclusion The risk of crsis onset after operation significantly raises in myasthenia gravis patients with thymoma.The staging of the disease are associated to development of crisis and crisis onset is independents to patho-staging of thymoma.